# How does the Sensor Offline alert work?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/Sensor-Offline-alert
FarmRoad Sensor Offline alerts automatically notify you when one of your FarmRoad sensors stops reporting data.
Sensor offline alerts work by monitoring your sensors for regular updates. When FarmRoad doesn't hear from a particular sensor for at least 60 minutes, it will send an offline alert.
2. Click **Create alert** button
3. Select **Sensor Offline**
4. You can set up your preferred notification channel(s), and the desired recipients (either by role, team, or individual).
Did you know, you can also set alerts for when FarmRoad Gateways are offline? [See instructions here](https://waybeyond.mintlify.site/en/farmroad/understanding-gateway-offline-alerts).
# How do I register for Crop Registration?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/access-crop-registration
If you have already set up your FarmRoad organization and farms, you are ready to use Crop Registration.
If you already have a FarmRoad account, you can sign in to the application using your existing username and password.
If you do not already have a FarmRoad account, you will need to register a new organization or be invited to an existing one by a manager or admin.
# Adding a note in FarmRoad Activity Feed
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/activity-feed-add-a-note
You can easily add a note on your Activity Feed timeline. Simply follow the steps below.
## How do I add a note?
Go to the timeline for the relevant sector.
1. Enter your note text in the note field at the top of the timeline.
2. Select the date and time for your note.
3. To add photos, click **Add photo** and select your photos.
4. Click **Log note**.
## How do I edit my note?
1. Go to the timeline for the relevant sector.
2. Click **…** on the note.
3. Select **Edit note** or **Delete note**.
4. Confirm the action using the relevant button.
## FarmRoad Activity Feed overview video
# How do I record a crop yield?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/activity-feed-record-crop-yield
You can easily record a crop yield on a sector.
## Recording a yield
You can record yield for a particular crop cycle in the Activity Feed using the Yield widget.
1. Go to the **Activity Feed** for the relevant sector.
2. Click **Log a yield record**.
3. Enter the yield value, date, and time of harvest.
4. Click **Save**.
It is important to record yield consistently each week. The Yield Widget will remind you if you haven't recorded your harvest this week.
## How do I change a yield record?
When you save a yield record, an event appears in the Activity Feed.
1. Go to the **Activity Feed** for the relevant sector.
2. Click **…** on the yield record.
3. Select **Edit record** or **Delete record**.
4. Confirm the action using the relevant button.
# How do I add a compartment?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/add-compartment
You can easily add compartments to your farms from the Farm page.
1. Go to **My Farms** page. Click on the farm where you want the compartment.
2. Click **Add compartment**
3. Enter a compartment name
4. Click **Save**
# How do I add a new crop registration record in FarmRoad web?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/add-crop-registration-record
Head to the **Crop Registration Averages** page to add a new crop registration record.
1. Click **Add Registration** in the top-right corner of the **Crop Registration averages** screen.
2. Enter a date for the new crop registration record.
3. You will be taken to a new crop registration record page, where you can record your plant measurements.
4. Click **Save** when you are done.
# How do I add a farm?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/add-farm
You can easily add farms from the My Farms page. Simply follow the instructions below.
1. Go to **My Farms** page
2. Click **Add farm** button
3. Enter a farm name and location. Ensure the exact location is used so that FarmRoad can provide precision in its services. Click on **Open in Google Maps** to verify that the address is correct. These steps are vital.
4. Click **Submit**
# How do I add a sector?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/add-sector
You can easily add a sector in FarmRoad from the Farm page. Simply follow the steps below.
1. Go to the relevant farm and compartment
2. Click **Add Sector**
3. Enter the sector name and size
4. Click **Save**
# How can I add new users to my FarmRoad account?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/add-users
You can invite new users to FarmRoad in a few easy steps.
1. Go to **People and Teams** page in header menu
2. Click **Invite person**
3. Add user email address, select role and the team(s) that the user should be in.
2. Select the preferred language from the language drop down.
3. Click **Save** to save your changes.
# How do I change measurement units?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/change-measurement-units
Each user can easily change which system of measurement they wish to use to view and record the data in FarmRoad.
1. Go to the **My Profile** page from the bottom left of your FarmRoad screen. It will be the first 2 letters of your name. E.g. DA for Daniel.
2. Click the drop down **Measurement System**
3. Select the preferred measurement system
4. Click **Save changes**
Data will now display and can be recorded using the selected system of measurement.
# FarmRoad Climate Analysis
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/climate-analysis-articles
Find articles related to FarmRoad's Climate Analysis module.
## Related articles:
#### [Climate Analysis - Tomatoes](https://waybeyond.mintlify.site/en/farmroad/climate-analysis-tomatoes)
Learn how FarmRoad helps tomato growers understand the environmental conditions affecting crop development.
#### [Climate Analysis - Blueberries](https://waybeyond.mintlify.site/en/farmroad/climate-analysis-blueberries)
Learn how FarmRoad helps blueberry growers understand the environmental conditions affecting crop development.
#### [Why has my Climate Analysis not generated?](https://waybeyond.mintlify.site/en/farmroad/climate-analysis-requirements)
Find out why a weekly Climate Analysis may be unavailable and what data FarmRoad needs to generate it.
# Climate Analysis - blueberries
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/climate-analysis-blueberries
FarmRoad Climate Analysis helps blueberry growers understand how environmental conditions may be supporting or limiting crop development.
## **How can the growing environment affect blueberry crop growth and health?**
### **Temperature**
Temperature is a crucial environmental factor that influences the development of blueberry plants at various growth stages. Different temperature ranges can impact blueberry growth, photosynthesis, respiration, nutrient uptake, and physiological development.
Warm, sunny days promote blueberry pollinator activity. Blueberries like a warm growing environment, with the most suitable growing temperatures being **15 to 20°C**. The plant’s cold tolerance and heat resistance are relatively good, and they are able to overwinter.
Blueberries in the growing season can tolerate temperatures as high as **40 to 50°C**. When the temperature is higher than **40 to 50°C**, blueberries will have reduced growth and vigor due to root system water absorption difficulties.
High temperatures can also disrupt the pollination process, making pollen grains sticky and less likely to disperse, resulting in lower pollination rates and reduced fruit set.
On the other hand, extremely low temperatures can slow down blueberry plant growth and development, inhibit nutrient absorption, and increase the risk of frost damage, which can cause wilting, discoloration, and even plant death.
Low temperatures can also adversely affect fruit development and ripening, resulting in smaller and less flavorful blueberries.
### **Humidity**
Temperature also affects relative humidity, as warm air can hold more moisture than cooler air. Relative humidity is expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount of water the air can hold. Understanding the effects of temperature on humidity is crucial for optimizing blueberry production in protected environments.
Guidelines for greenhouse blueberries may vary slightly in their recommendations for optimal relative humidity levels, typically ranging from **50% to 70%**.
#### **Effects of high humidity on blueberry plants**
High humidity can increase disease susceptibility. Increased moisture on the leaves can lead to the development of fungal infections affecting overall plant health. High humidity creates a favorable environment for fungal diseases like powdery mildew and botrytis.
Blueberries require pollination for fruit development. High humidity may hinder the movement of pollinators like bees, potentially reducing fruit set.
Prolonged high humidity during fruit ripening can lead to issues like fruit cracking and reduced quality.
Blueberry plants may experience stress due to reduced transpiration efficiency in high humidity, potentially affecting growth.
#### **Effects of low humidity on blueberry plants**
Low humidity can lead to increased transpiration, causing water stress in blueberry plants. This is particularly problematic in arid regions or during dry periods.
Extremely low humidity can reduce stomatal opening, limiting carbon dioxide uptake for photosynthesis, and potentially slowing down growth.
Insufficient humidity can lead to desiccation of flowers and developing fruits, affecting fruit set and yield.
Blueberry plants are sensitive to drought stress. Low humidity can contribute to dry soil conditions, impacting overall plant health and productivity.
### **Vapour Pressure Deficit**
Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) refers to the difference between the moisture content of the air and the maximum moisture the air can hold at a given temperature. It is a crucial factor that affects water movement within blueberry plants and nutrient uptake by the root system.
#### **Effects of high VPD on blueberry plants**
High VPD typically results in increased transpiration rates. This means that the plant is losing more water through its leaves, potentially leading to water stress if the plant cannot uptake water from the soil quickly enough.
Blueberry plants may experience stress, wilting, and a decline in overall growth if they are unable to take up water efficiently to compensate for the high transpiration rates.
High VPD can lead to decreased fruit quality, affecting factors such as size and taste.
#### **Effects of low VPD on blueberry plants**
Low VPD generally results in reduced transpiration rates. While this may reduce the risk of water stress, it can also limit nutrient uptake by the plant.
In environments with consistently low VPD, humidity levels may be high. This can create conditions favorable for the development of fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew.
Blueberry plants may experience slowed growth and reduced photosynthesis rates in low VPD conditions, as the rate of water and nutrient uptake may be limited.
### **Light (radiation intensity)**
Optimal light conditions for blueberry plants are essential for efficient photosynthesis, which helps them produce sugars vital for growth and development. Adequate light levels also promote the formation of healthy and abundant flowers, crucial for successful pollination and fruit set.
High and low light can each have positive and negative effects on blueberry plants.
### **Effects of high light conditions on blueberry plants**
**Advantages**
* Increased photosynthesis: Blueberry plants generally thrive in full sunlight. High light conditions promote efficient photosynthesis, which is essential for the production of carbohydrates and overall plant growth.
* Better fruit production: Adequate sunlight enhances the development of flowers and fruits. Blueberry plants exposed to sufficient light typically produce more and larger berries.
**Disadvantages**
* Heat stress: In some regions, intense sunlight can lead to high temperatures, causing heat stress. This stress can affect the plant’s physiological processes and potentially lead to reduced fruit quality.
* Water management: High light conditions can increase water evaporation from the soil, necessitating careful irrigation to prevent water stress.
### **Effects of low light conditions on blueberry plants**
**Advantages**
* Reduced heat stress: In regions with hot climates, some shade or protection from intense sunlight can reduce heat stress on blueberry plants.
* Extended flowering period: In some cases, moderate shading can extend the flowering period, promoting a more extended harvest season.
**Disadvantages**
* Reduced photosynthesis: Insufficient light can limit the rate of photosynthesis, leading to slower growth and lower yields.
* Poor fruit development: Blueberries may not reach their full size and sweetness in low light conditions, resulting in smaller and less flavorful berries.
Maintaining optimal light levels within the protected environment is key to gaining the advantages seen in both high and low light conditions, and mitigating the effects of extreme light conditions.
### **Day and night temperature difference**
Maintaining an appropriate day and night temperature difference is crucial for optimal blueberry plant growth and health in a protected environment. The day and night temperature difference refers to the variation between daytime and nighttime temperatures experienced by the plants.
#### **Effects of high day and night temperature differences on blueberry plants**
High temperature differences can disrupt the normal development of flowers and fruit set. Extreme heat during the day and cooler nights may affect pollination and fertilization processes, leading to poor fruit formation.
Excessive heat during the day can increase water loss through transpiration, affecting the plant’s ability to photosynthesize efficiently. The stress caused by high temperatures may lead to reduced carbohydrate production, impacting overall plant health.
Wide temperature variations can induce stress in blueberry plants, inhibiting normal growth and development. Stress may make the plants more susceptible to diseases and pests.
#### **Effects of low day and night temperature differences on blueberry plants**
Blueberries typically require a certain number of chilling hours at colder temperatures to ensure proper bud development and flowering in the spring. Insufficient chilling hours due to narrow temperature differences may lead to delayed or inadequate flowering.
Blueberries often require a period of colder temperatures to trigger the ripening process. Inadequate chilling can result in delayed or uneven fruit ripening, affecting the quality and yield of the harvest.
Blueberry plants are susceptible to winter injury if temperatures drop too low, especially during the night. A narrow day and night temperature difference may not provide sufficient insulation, increasing the risk of cold damage to buds and stems.
Maintaining a balance in day and night temperature differences is crucial for the optimal growth and productivity of blueberry plants. Extreme variations, whether too high or too low, can negatively impact various stages of the plant’s life cycle, affecting fruit development and overall plant health.
### **Dew events**
Dew formation can have negative effects on blueberry growth and health in a protected environment. Dew forms when the plant’s surface temperature is cooler than the surrounding air, causing moisture in the air to condense and form water droplets on the leaves and other plant surfaces.
Moisture on the leaves and other plant surfaces can create a favorable environment for the growth of fungal pathogens and other diseases. These pathogens thrive in moist conditions and can cause diseases such as gray mold, anthracnose, and leaf spot. If left untreated, these diseases can significantly reduce blueberry crop yields and quality.
## **What actions can be taken if we do not have optimal growing conditions?**
### **Temperature actions**
To mitigate the effects of extreme temperatures, growers can implement various strategies. For high temperatures, shading techniques can be used to reduce direct sunlight and lower the temperature inside the protected environment. Proper ventilation and airflow are also crucial to dissipate excess heat and maintain optimal temperature levels. This can be achieved through the use of fans or vents.
In the case of low temperatures, growers can use heating systems to maintain a suitable temperature range for blueberry plants. This can include the use of heaters or heating mats to provide supplemental warmth. Additionally, insulating the protected environment with materials such as row covers or thermal blankets can help retain heat and protect the plants from cold temperatures.
### **Humidity actions**
To mitigate the effects of both high and low humidity, growers can implement various strategies.
* **Ventilation:** For high humidity conditions, proper ventilation and airflow are essential to reduce excess moisture in the air and promote air circulation. This can help prevent the growth of fungal pathogens and diseases.
* **Irrigation:** Provide consistent and adequate irrigation to mitigate water stress in low humidity and maintain soil moisture in high humidity.
* **Fungicide application:** In regions prone to high humidity and fungal diseases, consider preventive fungicide applications.
* **Pruning:** Pruning can help increase airflow around the plants and reduce humidity levels around the plants.
* **Monitoring:** Regularly monitor the plants for signs of stress, disease, or inadequate pollination, and adjust management practices accordingly.
### **Vapour Pressure Deficit actions**
To optimize blueberry crop growth in a protected environment, it is important to carefully monitor and manage the VPD. This can be done through proper climate control measures, such as adjusting ventilation and humidity levels. Maintaining the right balance of humidity can help ensure that the VPD is within the optimal range for blueberry plants.
Additionally, providing adequate airflow and ventilation can help prevent excessive humidity and reduce the risk of disease development. Proper ventilation can also help regulate the VPD and create a more favorable growing environment for blueberries.
### **Light (radiation intensity) actions**
To ensure optimal blueberry crop growth and health, it is important to provide the right balance of light intensity. This can be achieved by carefully managing the amount of sunlight that reaches the plants. In a protected environment, growers can use shading techniques to reduce the intensity of sunlight during peak hours, protecting the plants from excessive radiation while still allowing sufficient light for photosynthesis.
### **Day and night temperature difference actions**
In a protected environment, maintaining an appropriate day and night temperature difference can be achieved through proper climate control measures. This may involve adjusting the ventilation and cooling systems to regulate the temperature during the day and insulating the structure to prevent excessive heat loss at night.
Regular monitoring and adjustment of the temperature difference based on the specific needs of the blueberry variety being cultivated can help ensure optimal growing conditions and maximize the plants’ potential.
### **Dew event actions**
To mitigate the negative effects of dew formation, growers in protected environments can take several actions. One approach is to provide adequate ventilation and airflow within the growing area to reduce humidity levels and prevent moisture from accumulating on plant surfaces. This can be achieved through the use of fans, vents, and other ventilation systems.
Heaters can also be used to maintain a high enough temperature to prevent dew formation. However, when using heaters it is important to measure humidity levels to ensure environmental conditions do not increase the risk of fungal pathogens.
Another strategy is to prune the plants appropriately to allow for good air circulation. This can help reduce the amount of time that the plant surfaces remain wet and minimize the risk of disease development. Additionally, growers can apply preventive measures such as using fungicides or applying organic treatments to protect the plants from fungal diseases.
## **How does FarmRoad calculate optimality?**
Every Monday, FarmRoad looks back at the past 7 days of climate data.
FarmRoad then categorises the climate data from each hour of the week into **optimal**, **suboptimal**, or **adverse** for plant growth and yield based on data science and crop knowledge.
* **Optimal**: best for growth and yield
* **Suboptimal**: not best conditions, but not threatening to plant
* **Adverse / extreme**: threatening to plant, for example temperature below **5°C**
FarmRoad does this for each climate factor including:
* estimated VPD
* temperature
* relative humidity
* light
* day and night temperature differences
FarmRoad’s Climate Analysis algorithm takes into account your farm’s location, crop, and season to intelligently analyse only the hours that matter.
For light, this means FarmRoad analyses daylight hours.
For day and night temperature difference, the hours that are considered day or night change throughout the year.
FarmRoad then calculates the proportion of time your growing environment was in each specific condition:
* optimal
* below optimal
* above optimal
* extreme low
* extreme high
FarmRoad also calculates how many times your growing environment experienced time in which dew could form, called a **dew event**.
FarmRoad does this by analysing when temperature goes below dew point for a significant period.
## **What does ‘optimal’ mean?**
FarmRoad categorises your climate data into different ranges for plant growth and yield based on data science and crop knowledge.
#### Optimal humidity levels
| Period | Extreme low | Below optimal | Optimal | Above optimal | Extreme high |
| :----- | :---------- | :------------ | :------ | :------------ | :----------- |
| Day | \<40 | 40-50 | 50-70 | 70-85 | >85 |
| Night | \<40 | 40-50 | 50-70 | 70-85 | >85 |
#### Optimal temperature
| Period | Extreme low | Below optimal | Optimal | Above optimal | Extreme high |
| :----- | :---------- | :------------ | :------ | :------------ | :----------- |
| Day | \<10 | 10-20 | 20-27 | 27-35 | >35 |
| Night | \<10 | 10-15 | 15-20 | 20-25 | >25 |
#### Optimal radiation levels
| Season | Extreme low | Below optimal | Optimal | Above optimal | Extreme high |
| :----- | :---------- | :------------ | :------ | :------------ | :----------- |
| Summer | \<50 | 50-240 | 240-360 | 360-480 | >480 |
| Winter | \<50 | 50-240 | 240-360 | 360-480 | >480 |
#### Optimal day and night temperature difference
| Extreme low | Below optimal | Optimal | Above optimal | Extreme high |
| :---------- | :------------ | :------ | :------------ | :----------- |
| \<2 | 2-3 | 3-5 | 5-7 | >7 |
#### Optimal VPD conditions
| Extreme low | Below optimal | Optimal | Above optimal | Extreme high |
| :---------- | :------------ | :------ | :------------ | :----------- |
| \<0.5 | 0.5-0.7 | 0.7-1.0 | 1.0-1.2 | >1.2 |
#### Dew events
Dew events are determined by analysing when temperature goes below dew point for a significant period.
# Why has my Climate Analysis not generated?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/climate-analysis-requirements
## Why is there no Climate Analysis available for this week?
In some cases, FarmRoad will not be able to generate an analysis of your climate as a whole, or for specific environmental factors for a given week.
## What is required for FarmRoad to generate a Climate Analysis?
For a Climate Analysis to be accurate and representative of a given week, FarmRoad requires a minimum amount of data for that week.
Requirements:
* At least **80% data coverage** for the week. This means FarmRoad needs data from **135 hours out of 168 hours** in the week.
* At least **5 days** having at least **18 hours of data**.
Example: `http://qcil1234567.local:3333`
4. The gateway configuration page will open.
5. Enter your Wi-Fi SSID and password, then click **Connect**.
6. The text **WiFi Status: Disconnected** should change to **WiFi Status: Connected**. You can now disconnect the Ethernet cable and move the gateway to any location with Wi-Fi coverage.
## Firewall settings
If your operation uses a firewall, make sure the following are allowed:
**Whitelisted domains**
* `*.farmroad.io`
* `*.amazonaws.com`
**Outbound ports**
* `443`
* `8883`
* `8443`
##
# How do I create a team and give users farm access?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/create-a-team
You can easily create a team and manage farm access on the My Organisation page.
1. Go to **People and Teams** page
2. Click **Start new team**
3. Add team name, description, owner and team members
4. Select which farms and compartments the team should have access to
5. Click **Start**
To ONLY give them access to a compartment, select Limit access and choose the compartment. A Farm must be selected before this can be done.
# How do I create, edit, and delete dashboards in FarmRoad Data Studio?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/create-and-manage-dashboards
You can easily create and manage dashboards from the **Data Studio** page.
## Creating a dashboard
1. Click on the **Data Studio** icon on the left menu
2. Click **Create**
3. Enter a name and description for your dashboard
4. Click **Save**
Your new dashboard will now appear in the list of available dashboards on the Data Studio page.
## Editing a dashboard
1. Click on the **Data Studio** icon on the left menu
2. Find the dashboard you want to edit
3. Click the overflow menu
4. Select **Edit**
5. Update the name and/or description
6. Click **Save**
Your dashboard will now display the updated name and description.
## Deleting a dashboard
1. Click on the **Data Studio** icon on the left menu
2. Find the dashboard you want to delete
3. Click the overflow menu
4. Select **Delete**
5. Click **Delete** again to confirm
The **Data Studio** page will refresh, and the dashboard will no longer appear in the list.
# How do I create and manage readings tables on a dashboard?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/create-and-manage-readings-table
FarmRoad Data Studio allows you to easily create and manage readings tables on any dashboard.
## Creating a current readings table
1. Go to your configurable dashboard page.
2. Click **Add graph or widget** at the bottom of the page.
3. You will be prompted to select the type of graph or widget you want. Select **Current readings table** and then click **Next.**
4. You will then be asked to give the table a name.
## What readings are available in a current readings table?
The current readings table shows an up-to-date snapshot of your sensors.
If your sensors have not reported in the last 5 minutes, the table will show no readings.
If your sensors are reporting, the table can show the following readings:
1. Air Temperature
2. Relative Humidity
3. Barometric Pressure
4. CO2
5. PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation)
6. RAD (Solar Radiation)
7. Plant Temperature
8. Estimated VPD (calculated using Air Temperature and Relative Humidity)
9. Actual VPD (calculated using Plant Temperature and Relative Humidity)
10. Dew Point
11. Moisture (Volumetric Water Content)
## Creating a historical readings table
1. Go to your configurable dashboard page.
2. Click **Add graph or widget** at the bottom of the page.
3. You will be prompted to select the type of graph or widget you want. Select **Historical readings table** and then click **Next**.
4. You will then be asked to give the table a name.
### Set a historical time range
1. Select the calendar icon.
2. Select a date range.
3. Select **Done**.
Your Historical Readings Table will now show readings for the selected time and date range.
## What readings are available in a historical readings table?
The historical readings table shows minimum and maximum readings for several sensor measurements. It also shows calculated readings such as Accumulated Solar Radiation and DLI (Daily Light Integral).
If your sensors have not reported data during the selected time range, the table will show no readings.
If your sensors are reporting, the table can show the following readings:
1. Air Temperature (Min/Max)
2. Relative Humidity (Min/Max)
3. Barometric Pressure (Min/Max)
4. Plant Temperature (Min/Max)
5. Estimated VPD (Min/Max)
6. Actual VPD (Min/Max)
7. Dew Point (Min/Max)
8. Moisture (Min/Max)
9. Average CO2
10. Accumulated Solar Radiation
11. Accumulated PAR
12. Daily Light Integral
# FarmRoad Crop Registration measurement instructions
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions
This article explains the measurement types used in FarmRoad Crop Registration and how to record each one. Use it as a reference when collecting crop data to help keep measurements consistent and accurate.
## Growth
Length of the main stem, or growth of the main stem from the previous week to the current week. Using a permanent marker, mark the tomato vine hanging string at the top of the plant head. During the next measurement, for example after a week, mark the top of the plant on the string and measure the distance between the two marks.
## Head density
Number of stems or branches per m², calculated by dividing the total number of plants of a type or variety by the area those plants occupy.
## Stem diameter
Diameter of the stem measured at the previous week's mark on the string.
## Leaf length
Length of the topmost mature leaf, usually the 5th or 6th leaf more than 15 cm from the top of the branch or stem. Measure leaf length from the base of the leaf to the tip.
## Leaf width
Width of the topmost mature leaf, usually the 5th or 6th leaf more than 15 cm from the top of the branch or stem. Measure leaf width at the widest point of the leaf.
## Leaves per plant
Number of leaves on the plant which has a leaf length greater than 15 cm.
## Top to flowering truss
Distance from the topmost flowering truss to the top of the plant. If there is no flowering truss, measure the distance from the top of the plant to the previous mark on the string, which is equal to the Growth measurement.
## Truss height
Distance measured from the node of the topmost flowering truss to the node of the next truss below. If there is no flowering truss, measure the distance from the top of the plant to the topmost set truss below.
## Flowering truss
Topmost flowering truss. This is recorded as a decimal number. Each open flower or set fruit in a truss is counted as 0.1. Always start counting from the open flower or set fruit at the base of the truss. Count any missing open flowers or set fruit as 0.1. For example, truss 19 has 2 open flowers, 2 partially open flowers, and 1 bud, while truss 18 is fully set and complete. Therefore, the flowering truss notation would be 18.2.
## Set truss
Topmost set truss. This is recorded as a decimal number. Each open flower or set fruit in a truss is counted as 0.1. Always start counting from the open flower or set fruit at the base of the truss. Count any missing open flowers or set fruit as 0.1. For example, truss 18 has 2 set fruits, 2 open flowers, and 1 bud, while truss 17 is fully set and complete. Therefore, the set truss notation would be 17.2.
## Flower number per plant
Total number of open flowers per branch. Open flowers are usually found on the top truss.
For some beefsteak varieties, for example, there may typically be a maximum of 5 or 6 flowers, depending on how many flowers the grower plans to keep per truss. In this case, 5 flowers may indicate good flowering.
A reduced number of flowers may indicate sub-optimal flowering, vegetative behavior, climate impacts, or plant management decisions by the grower to keep fewer flowers, for example due to a poor weather forecast.
*For example in the image below, there are 2 open flowers.*
*In the Image below, there are 6 open flowers*
## Fruit number per plant
Total number of fruit on the plant.
*For example, in the photo below there are 9 fruits.*
## Harvest truss
The truss to be harvested in a given week. This is recorded as a decimal number. Each fruit in a truss is assigned 0.1. Count any missing fruit as 0.1. For example, if two fruits are harvested from truss 10, the harvest truss notation would be 9.2.
## Fruit diameter
**Diameter of fruit 1:** Diameter of the first fruit of the bottom most complete/unharvested truss.
**Diameter of fruit 3:** Diameter of the third fruit of the bottom most complete/unharvested truss.
## Fruit weight
Average fruit weight for the plant, or the average fruit weight for a location (sector).
There are multiple ways to measure fruit weight and collect it through the FarmRoad application.
1. Take fruit weight of the “going to be harvested fruits” from individual crop registration plant and average it for each crop registration plant.
2. Take average fruit weight from harvest:
1. For example, divide the weight of the crate (total fruit weight) by the number of fruits.
3. Take fruit weight from the sorting machines and average them.
## Fruits per truss
Number of fruits per truss that the grower plans to keep for the tomato type or variety being grown; that is, the typical number of fruits kept per truss.
# What measurement types are available in FarmRoad Crop Registration?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-types
There are several measurement types available for crop registration. See the list below for descriptions of each type and how to measure them.
| Measurement | Units | Definition | Tool | Detailed Instructions |
| :------------------------------------- | :------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Growth** | cm | Length of the main stem, or growth of the main stem from the previous week to the current week. | Ruler, tape | [Growth](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#growth) |
| **Stem diameter** | mm | Diameter of the stem measured at the previous week’s mark on the string. | N/A | [Stem diameter](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#stem-diameter) |
| **Head density** | per m² | Number of stems or branches per m², calculated by dividing the total number of plants of a type or variety by the area occupied by those plants. | N/A | [Head density](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#heads-density) |
| **Leaf length** | cm | Length of the topmost mature leaf, usually the 5th or 6th leaf more than 15 cm from the top of the branch or stem. Leaf length is measured from the base of the leaf to the tip. | Ruler, tape | [Leaf length](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#leaf-length) |
| **Leaf width** | cm | Width of the topmost mature leaf, usually the 5th or 6th leaf more than 15 cm from the top of the branch or stem. Leaf width is measured at the widest point of the leaf. | N/A | [Leaf width](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#leaf-width) |
| **Number of leaves** | | Number of leaves on the plant with a leaf length greater than 15 cm. | N/A | [Number of leaves](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#leaves-per-plant) |
| **Number of branches/stems per plant** | | Number of branches per plant. Some growers also refer to branches as stems. | N/A | |
| **Top to flowering truss** | cm | Distance from the topmost flowering truss to the top of the plant. If there is no flowering truss, measure the distance from the top of the plant to the previous mark on the string, which is equal to the Growth measurement. | N/A | [Top to flowering truss](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#top-to-flowering-truss) |
| **Truss height** | cm | Distance or length measured from the node of the topmost flowering truss to the node of the next truss below. If there is no flowering truss, measure the distance from the top of the plant to the topmost set truss below. | N/A | [Truss height](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#truss-height) |
| **Flowering truss** | | Topmost flowering truss. This is recorded as a decimal number. Each open flower or set fruit in a truss is counted as 0.1. Always start counting from the open flower or set fruit at the base of the truss. Count any missing open flowers or set fruit as 0.1. For example, truss 19 has 2 open flowers, 2 partially open flowers, and 1 bud, while truss 18 is fully set and complete. Therefore, the flowering truss notation would be 18.2. | N/A | [Flowering truss](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#flowering-truss) |
| **Set truss** | | Topmost set truss. This is recorded as a decimal number. Each open flower or set fruit in a truss is counted as 0.1. Always start counting from the open flower or set fruit at the base of the truss. Count any missing open flowers or set fruit as 0.1. For example, truss 18 has 2 set fruits, 2 open flowers, and 1 bud, while truss 17 is fully set and complete. Therefore, the set truss notation would be 17.2. | N/A | [Set truss](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#set-truss) |
| **Truss angle category** | category | Angle of the truss from the vertical axis, or from the axis of the stem or branch, recorded as category 1 or 2: **1:** erect truss, with a straighter, less curved axis and flowers arranged on straighter stalks with less droop. **2:** pendant truss, with good curvature and pendant flowers. | N/A | |
| **Number of flowers** | | Number of open flowers per plant. | N/A | [Number of flowers](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#flower-number-per-plant) |
| **Aborted flowers** | | Number of aborted flowers per plant. Flower abortion can be due to improper pollination, disease, stress, or other factors. | N/A | |
| **Fruits per truss** | | Number of fruits per truss that the grower plans to keep for the tomato type or variety being grown; that is, the typical number of fruits kept per truss. | N/A | [Fruits per truss](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#fruits-per-truss) |
| **Fruits in each truss** | | Number of fruits in each truss, recorded against the truss number. | N/A | |
| **Number of fruits** | | Number of set, developing, and mature fruits on the plant. | N/A | [Number of fruit](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#fruit-number-per-plant) |
| **Diameter of fruit** | cm | Diameter of the first fruit of the bottom-most complete, unharvested truss. | Caliper | [Fruit diameter](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#fruit-diameter) |
| **Harvest truss** | | Truss to be harvested in a given week. This is recorded as a decimal number. Each fruit in a truss is assigned 0.1. Count any missing fruit as 0.1. For example, if two fruits are harvested from truss 10, the harvest truss notation would be 9.2. | N/A | [Harvest truss](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#harvest-truss) |
| **Fruit weight** | g | Average fruit weight for the plant, or the average fruit weight for a location (sector). | Weighing balance | [Fruit weight](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-measurement-instructions#fruit-weight) |
| **Number of flowers pruned** | | Number of flowers and flower buds pruned per plant. | N/A | |
| **Number of fruits pruned** | | Number of set, developing, and mature fruits pruned per plant. | N/A | |
| **Number of leaves pruned** | | Number of leaves pruned per plant. | N/A | |
# How do I view, add, and edit crop registration records in FarmRoad Mobile?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/crop-registration-mobile-add-record
It's easy to view, add, and edit crop registration records for your crop cycles in the FarmRoad mobile app.
## View crop registration records
1. Log in to FarmRoad Mobile on your device.
2. You will see all active crop cycles you have access to.
3. Click a crop cycle to view its existing crop registration records.
4. Click a record to view the recorded measurement values.
## Add a new crop registration record
1. Open the relevant crop cycle.
2. Click the **+ button** in the bottom-right corner of the crop cycle screen.
3. You will be taken to a new crop registration record page.
4. Enter the plant measurements.
5. Click **Save**.
## What is in the AI Daily Report?
**1. Daily Headline Summary:** A high-level summary of the most important climate or crop conditions for the day ahead. This summary also appears in your push notification.
**2. AI-powered recommendations:** Prescriptive recommendations tailored to your operation, helping you prioritize actions for the day.
**3. Today's Forecast Summary:** A summary of the forecasted climate conditions for the next 24 hours within your growing environment to give context to the recommended actions.
This includes:
* Temperature
* Humidity
* Radiation
* VPD
* Radiation Intensity
* Accumulated Radiation
**4. Yesterday’s Climate Summary:** A summary of yesterday’s climate conditions.
## Push Notifications
### What are push notifications used for?
Push notifications alert you when your Daily Report is ready and notify you of important agronomic risks or recommended actions that may require attention. Push notifications are sent at 7am at the time zone of your farm.
Enabling notifications helps ensure your team stays informed and can respond quickly to changing conditions.
## Frequently Asked Questions
2. Click **Add graph or widget** button at the bottom of the page. You will be presented with the option to select the type of graph or widget that you want.
3. Select **Heat map**.
Selecting the 'Image' option will allow you to upload an image of your farm or greenhouse:
Selecting the 'Google Map' option will allow you to enter an address or location of your farm or greenhouse:
You are able to zoom in and out and pan the image around to get the best fit for your heat map:
3. Once you are happy with your image or Google Map location, click **Done**
## Adding Data to a Heat map
Heat maps support data from integrated sensors like Folium.
Heat maps also support data that has been uploaded or manually entered into FarmRoad (this could be Crop Registration or Yield data for example)
1. Select the data type you would like to display on the Heat map
2. Select the source of your data
You can pick between a location (such as Farm, Compartment or Sector) or you can pick an integrated sensor that has been linked to your FarmRoad account.
* **Sensor data** is fed into FarmRoad automatically, think of it like 'live data'.
* **Location data** is manually entered or uploaded into FarmRoad. This can be data that is collected with handheld instruments, or crop registration data for example.
## Positioning markers on a heat map
1. Once you have chosen your data type and sources, you now need to position the markers on the heat map
2. Each data source is assigned a marker
3. Drag and drop each marker to the corresponding location on your farm. This could be the location of the sensor, or the area where the data was manually collected
4. Hovering over the marker will show you the source of the data
You can add as many markers to the heat map as you like.
5. Once you have positioned your markers, hit **Done**
## Using your heat maps
Once you setup your heat maps you can view the data that is being displayed. Each marker will display the most recent reading.
* Hovering over the marker will give you more information
* If the marker does not have up to date data, it will be blank
If you are using Google Maps with your heat map, you can zoom and pan within that heat map. This will not change any settings on your heat map, once you refresh the page your heat map will return to your saved configuration.
## Frequently asked questions about FarmRoad heat maps
3. Select **Graph**.
3. Enter a name for the graph.
4. Click **Done**.
## Add data to a graph
1. Click on the **Data Studio** icon in the app menu.
2. Go to your dashboard.
3. Open the overflow menu on the graph you want to update.
4. Click **Add Data**.
5. Choose the data you want to display. You can add two types of data to a graph:
1. **Sector data:** Use sector data to graph data collected at the sector level.
If multiple data points exist for the same timestamp, FarmRoad Data Studio averages those values before displaying them on the graph.
For example, if four sensors in the same sector record humidity at the same time, the graph will show the average humidity reading for that sector
2. **Individual sensor data:** Use sensor data to graph readings from one or more sensors connected to your FarmRoad account.
3. **Drip and drain stations:** Use data from drip irrigation stations setup on your FarmRoad account.
6. After selecting your sensors, choose the **datasets** you want to display. These datasets show the raw data received from the selected sensors.
7. You can also choose how the data is presented:
**Chart style:** Select **Line** or **Bar**
**Display type:** Select **Instant** or **Accumulated**
1. **Instant**: Shows the raw measurements recorded by the selected sensors.
2. **Accumulated**: Adds measurements over time. This is useful for datasets such as accumulated radiation or CO2.
## Remove data from a graph
1. Go to your dashboard.
2. Open the overflow menu on the graph you want to update.
3. Click **Remove Data**.
4. Deselect the dataset you want to remove.
5. Click **Done**.
## Renaming a graph
1. Go to your dashboard.
2. Click on the overflow menu on the graph you want to rename.
3. Click **Rename Graph**
4. Enter a new name.
5. Click **Done**
## Delete a graph
1. Go to your dashboard.
2. Open the overflow menu on the graph you want to delete.
3. Click **Delete Graph**.
4. Click **Remove** to confirm.
# How do I export my data from FarmRoad?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/data-studio-export-data
## CSV Export From Data Studio
FarmRoad Data Studio allows you to easily export data to CSV format from any graph.
### Exporting data from a graph
1. Go to **Data Studio**
2. Select the dashboard you wish to export from
3. Click the options menu and select **Export CSV**
4. You will be presented with a pop-up that allows you to export the data
5. The CSV export will be emailed to the user that is logged in
The pop-up will show which email address the CSV will be emailed to.
The email will contain an option to 'Download CSV'.
## Frequently asked questions about exporting data from a graph in FarmRoad
Once you have selected the correct location, the graph will be adjusted to reflect the new time zone.
# How can I access FarmRoad on my mobile phone?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/download-farmroad-mobile-app
This article explains how to access FarmRoad on your mobile phone using either the FarmRoad Mobile app or a website shortcut.
You can access FarmRoad on your phone in two ways:
1. **FarmRoad Mobile** – Download the app for quick data capture.
2. **FarmRoad website shortcut** – Add a shortcut to your home screen for easy access without downloading the app.
## Download FarmRoad Mobile (iOS and Android)
1. Open the App Store (iOS) or Google Play Store (Android).
2. Search for **FarmRoad Mobile**.
3. Download and install the app.
4. Open the app and log in with your FarmRoad credentials.
You can use FarmRoad Mobile for scouting, crop registration, and drip and drain monitoring.
## Add a FarmRoad website shortcut to your home screen
You can also create a shortcut to the FarmRoad website on your home screen.
### For Android
1. Open your mobile browser and go to [**app.farmroad.io**](http://app.farmroad.io).
2. Tap the three vertical dots in the top-right corner.
3. Select **Add to Home screen**.
4. Tap **Add** to place the shortcut on your home screen.
### For iPhone (iOS)
1. Open Safari and go to [**app.farmroad.io**](http://app.farmroad.io).
2. Tap the Share button (square with an upward arrow).
3. Scroll down and select **Add to Home Screen**.
4. Optionally rename the shortcut, then tap **Add**.
You can now open FarmRoad web from your phone home screen with one tap.
If you have any issues, please contact support.
# How can I use the FarmRoad solution for drip and drain irrigation monitoring?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/drip-and-drain-monitoring
Monitor drip and drain irrigation digitally with FarmRoad to make more timely irrigation decisions.
Measurements can be recorded using the cloud-based FarmRoad web app or the mobile app for Android and iOS.
## Before you get started
4. Click Drip & Drain, then tap on **Add measurement**. From there, you can enter drip and drain measurements for the chosen time. Once you have entered at least one measurement, you can press Save to complete the process
5. After clicking Save you will see a confirmation that your measurements were saved.
For the upload to occur, you must open the FarmRoad app once you are back online.
2. Click **+ Add Reading**
3. Enter the measurements into the drip and drain table.
4. Click **Save**
5. Repeat from step 2 if there are more measurements to enter.
# FarmRoad Easy Yield Overview
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/easy-yield-overview
## What is Easy Yield?
Easy Yield is a yield prediction tool available in FarmRoad for tomato growers. It does not require historic data to get started.
To use Easy Yield, start entering the required measurements and harvest data. FarmRoad will then present predicted harvests for both 1 week ahead and 4 weeks ahead. You will receive your first yield prediction after 8 weeks of recording data.
**For a quick overview on FarmRoad Easy Yield and how to use it, check out the video below.**
## How can I start using Easy Yield?
# How do I export crop registration data in FarmRoad web?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/export-crop-registration-data
In FarmRoad Crop Registration Web, you can export both generated averages and individual records.
All recorded crop registration data can be exported in CSV format.
## On the Crop Registration Averages page
1. Click the overflow menu **(…)** in the top right of the averages table.
2. Select **Export**.
3. A pop-up will appear. Click **Export** to confirm.
4. The CSV file will be downloaded automatically to your device.
## On the individual Crop Registration records page
1. Navigate to **Crop Registration**.
2. Click the individual record you want to export.
3. Click the overflow menu (**…**) on the record table.
4. Select **Export**.
5. A pop-up will appear. Click **Export** to confirm.
6. The CSV file will be downloaded automatically to your device.
# What is FarmRoad Agronomy Intelligence?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/farmroad-agronomy-intelligence
FarmRoad Agronomy Intelligence is an AI-powered decision support tool designed specifically for protected cropping operations.
It transforms your farm data into clear, prioritised daily actions, helping your team respond faster to changing conditions, reduce crop stress, and make more confident growing decisions.
By combining hyperlocal climate forecasts, crop stage information, and operational context, FarmRoad delivers recommendations tailored to your specific growing environment.
These are delivered through the [**Daily Report**](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/daily-report-overview), which provides a structured summary of climate conditions, risks, and recommended actions for the next 24 hours.
[Explore the AI Daily Report](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/daily-report-overview) **→**
4. Select **Growing degrees (GDD, GDH)**.
5. Choose the calculation method you want to use (read about the differences [here](https://waybeyond.mintlify.site/en/farmroad/understanding-growing-degree-calculation-types)), and select the relevant sector or sensor.
6. Specify a base temperature for the calculation, as well as an optional maximum temperature (above which additional growing degrees are not accumulated), plus a start date.
7. Click **Done**.
Your dashboard will reload and display the new Growing Degrees graph.
# What is FarmRoad's Inside Climate Prediction?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/inside-climate-prediction
FarmRoad’s Inside Climate Prediction is our AI-powered hyper-local climate forecasting solution, providing a far more accurate view of the conditions your protected crops are likely to experience in the coming days.
FarmRoad’s Inside Climate Prediction was developed in response to growers wanting to better understand future conditions within their growing structures, enabling more effective climate and irrigation management.
**FarmRoad's Inside Climate Prediction currently supports the following measurements:**
* Temperature (Min, Max, Average)
* Humidity (Average)
* VPD (Hourly)
* Radiation (Hourly)
* Evapotranspiration (Hourly)
Like the outside forecast, there is both an hourly data presentation (available for Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow), and daily forecast (available for the next 7 days).
## Inside Climate Prediction views explained
There are two different view modes for Inside Climate Prediction:
1. **Farm overview** - this presents an average inside prediction across the farm, averaging the sector (or sensor) specific predictions to give you a quick and easy way of checking on a Farm.
2. **Sector view** - this presents the exact prediction for the location where the sensor is installed..
## Why do I need a FarmRoad sensor to get an inside forecast?
FarmRoad’s climate sensor is an integral part of the inside climate forecast solution.
In the background, an AI model learns the difference between the inside conditions where the sensor is installed and the outside conditions. Without a sensor, FarmRoad cannot train the model to make this translation.
Good sensor coverage is therefore critical if you want to get the most from inside climate forecasting.
# How do I install my Plant Temperature Sensor
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/install-plant-temperature-sensor
Learn how to install and position your Folium Plant Temperature Sensor to get representative plant temperature readings and troubleshoot common installation issues.
## Why is plant temperature important?
Plant temperature, such as leaf, fruit, or flower temperature, provides an indication of plant status in response to its environment. Alongside air temperature measurements, plant temperature can help growers better understand plant status.
As an example, if the leaf temperature is higher than the surrounding air temperature, it may be an indication that the plant is under stress. These measurements can be used to further investigate the possible causes for plant stress and take necessary actions to correct the issue.
## How does the Plant Temperature Sensor work?
The plant temperature sensor has a thermistor in the center which works as a touch probe to measure surface temperature of the leaf. The thermistor is supported by the stainless-steel clips.
The sensor is available in two configurations:
* **Single-clip sensor**
* **Four-clip sensor**
The four-clip sensor reports the average reading across all four probes.
## Installation Instructions
1. Before installation, select the leaf or leaves you want to monitor based on your objective. For example, you may want to track the temperature of a single leaf over time or measure leaf temperature in the head of a vine tomato crop.
2. To install the sensor to a leaf, open the clips and attach the sensor to the leaf.
1. Make sure the thermistor is touching the underside of the leaf and is shaded from direct radiation, as shown in Figure 1. Exposure to direct radiation can affect reading accuracy.
3. Once installed, take a few readings, and make sure the readings represent the plant temperature by comparing it with air temperature. If needed, attach sensors to different leaves of the same plant until representative readings are obtained.
4. Once the sensor is in place, secure the cable to the plant stem to prevent movement.
1. As the crop grows, or in lowering vine crops in greenhouses, please make sure to adjust the cable length or re-attach the sensors to representative leaves.
**Figure 1:** Placement of the plant temperature sensor on the leaf ([source)](https://phyto-sensor.com/)
# How do I install my Substrate Moisture Sensor?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/install-substrate-moisture-sensor
Follow the instructions below to install your Folium Substrate Moisture Sensor correctly to get accurate and consistent substrate moisture readings.
This article explains how to install the Folium Substrate Moisture Sensor and position it for reliable volumetric water content (VWC) measurements.
## Installation instructions
1. Fully insert the sensor into the substrate/soil, including the black plastic base. Make sure there are no air gaps between the sensor and the surrounding material as shown in Figures 1 and 2 below.
2. Pack the substrate/soil around the sensor to fully cover the black plastic base and a few centimetres of the wire.
3. Position the sensor with appropriate distance from the wall of the pot, the bottom of the pot, and the top surface of the substrate, as shown in Figure 1.
**Figure 1:** Folium Substrate Moisture sensor placement in substrate/soil ([source](https://metergroup.com/products/ech20-ec-5-soil-moisture-sensor/))
**Figure 2:** Folium Substrate Moisture sensor in coco-coir 50/50 substrate/soil
## Placement guidance
The Folium Substrate Moisture Sensor has a volume of influence of **240 mL**. The sensor readings are representative of an integrated volume of 240 ml substrate/soil around the sensor when installed as shown in Figure 1.
Through preliminary field tests, we have found that a **5 - 10 cm distance** of the Folium Substrate Moisture sensor from the dripper provides a representative moisture reading of the pot (Figure 3).
However, understanding of the wet bulb formation in the substrate/soil based on the irrigation/fertigation setup and schedule would further help determine the placement of the Folium Substrate Moisture sensors.
**Figure 3:** Folium Substrate Moisture sensor placement in substrate/soil (preliminary field tests)
## What can affect sensor readings?
Sensor readings can be affected by:
* the uniformity of the substrate or soil
* air gaps around the sensor
* differences between pots
* sensor depth and placement within the pot
* distance from the wall, bottom of the pot, and plant
* root development over time
* the distribution of water/nutrient mix in the substrate/soil
We recommend identifying a suitable pot location that meets the placement requirements.
Once identified, install the sensor and take the substrate moisture (VWC) readings. Repeat this for a couple more locations and in different pots to make sure the readings are representative of the pots. Then install the sensor in selected location and start collecting data.
As the roots grow the substrate/soil structure may change and and it may affect the readings as well.
## Installing multiple sensors in the same pot, bag, or soil zone
If you need to place more than one sensor in the same pot, bag, or soil area for measurement/testing, make sure the volume of influence for each sensor does not overlap, as shown in Figure 4. Also ensure each sensor is placed according to the requirements shown in Figure 1 for Folium Substrate Moisture sensor.
The volume of influence for Folium Substrate Moisture sensor is different from other sensors substrate/soil sensors.
**Figure 4:** Non-overlapping volumes of influence for placing more than one sensor in the same pot
## View measurements in FarmRoad Data Studio
You can visualize substrate moisture sensor data in a graph using FarmRoad Data Studio. What you want to see in the graph are irrigation peaks and drying down. For best results, install the sensor near a dripper, typically one located in the center of the slab.
Start by installing the sensor near the dripper on the side of the slab. Then monitor moisture patterns in FarmRoad Data Studio by creating a graph for the test sensor. If the area remains consistently wet, the graph will display a flat line.
*Note: In this graph, there is very little fluctuation of moisture levels without clear peaks as the moisture sensor is too close to the dripper*
If this happens, gradually move the sensor further away from the dripper until the graph shows clearer peaks and drying down. If you are using multiple sensors, repeat this process across other slabs until you see a similar pattern.
After installation, regularly check that the sensors remain intact and continue monitoring the data in Data Studio to confirm that you are seeing the expected peaks and drying patterns.
*Substrate moisture graph in FarmRoad showing clear irrigation peaks and drying down between irrigations*
# How can I use FarmRoad's Irrigation Forecast Dashboard to help me plan my irrigation schedule?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/irrigation-forecast-dashboard
## What is FarmRoad's Irrigation Forecast Dashboard?
FarmRoad's Irrigation Forecast Dashboard combines climate insights with sophisticated water demand (ET) models to make planning and forecasting irrigation easier than ever
The irrigation forecast dashboard is comprised of the following :
* An hourly outside climate forecast for up to 48 hours ahead
* A daily weather forecast for up to 7 days ahead
* A sophisticated Evapotranspiration water demand model for both the hourly and daily forecasts
The hourly climate forecast includes the following data points:
1. **Temperature** (Celcius) - the outside/outdoor temperature
2. **Accumulated Radiation** (J/cm2) - the hourly accumulated radiation
3. **Vapour Pressure Deficit** (kPa) - the difference between the amount of moisture in the air and how much moisture the air can hold when it is saturated
4. **Evapotranspiration** (mm) - reference Evapotranspiration (ETo), which is an estimate for how much water will be lost due to a combination of evaporation and transpiration of a reference crop, given the predicted climate conditions
Moving the mouse cursor (web) or dragging a finger (mobile or tablet) over the graph will bring up a tooltip showing the values at the nearest hour.
By clicking on one of the above data types in the legend, you can simplify the graph if desired.
## How can I use the forecast dashboard?
The way you use the forecast dashboard will depend on your unique irrigation strategy, but we can provide some recommendations:
* Take note of the times of peak radiation, VPD, and evapotranspiration throughout the day. These are the times when you should carefully consider adjusting irrigation volumes.
* Compare yesterday’s peak times for radiation, VPD, and evapotranspiration with today’s. This can help you understand what changes you may need to make compared with yesterday’s irrigation schedule.
* Observe the evapotranspiration figures and trends for the next 7 days to understand how irrigation volumes may change over the coming week.
* Review the 7-day forecast for any unexpected or extreme weather conditions that you may need to prepare for in advance.
* For the previous day, compare the volumes you irrigated each hour with the hourly evapotranspiration curve for yesterday. You should see a close correlation. If you do not see a similar trend, it may be worth reviewing your irrigation strategy.
# How can I manage my fleet of FarmRoad Sensors and Gateways?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/manage-sensors-and-gateways
Maintaining a healthy sensor network is critical to having the reliable data you need for decision making.
FarmRoad helps growers manage large numbers of sensors and gateways by showing device status at a glance on the **Manage sensors** screen and sending alerts when devices go offline.
## How can I tell when my devices are actively reporting to FarmRoad?
To check whether your devices are online or offline:
1. In FarmRoad, click the **Manage sensors** icon in the navigation menu.
2. On the **Manage sensors** page, choose whether you want to view **Sensors** or **Gateways**.
3. Review the status icon shown on the left side of the table.
### Connectivity status icons
**Green icon**: the sensor or gateway is online
**Red icon**: the sensor or gateway is offline
**Full charge,** no action required
**Moderate charge,** no action required
**Low charge**. The battery should be replaced as soon as possible.
**Strong signal.** The device is reporting reliably
**Moderate signal.** Some potential for data loss.
**Low signal**. High probability of data loss. Consider relocating the sensor or gateway, or purchasing range extenders
## Get alerted whenever a sensor or gateway goes offline
FarmRoad can send alerts when a sensor or gateway goes offline. These alerts are sent when FarmRoad has not heard from a device for at least 30 minutes.
Alerts can be delivered by:
* Email
* SMS
* WhatsApp
You can learn more here:
* [How does the Sensor Offline alert work?](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/Sensor-Offline-alert)
* [How does the Gateway Offline alert work?](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/understanding-gateway-offline-alerts)
# How can I onboard a Folium/FarmRoad sensor device?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/onboard-a-sensor
Follow the steps below to connect a Folium or FarmRoad sensor in FarmRoad.
## Connect FarmRoad / Folium sensor
1. In FarmRoad, click the **Manage sensors** icon in the navigation menu.
2. Click **Add a sensor**.
3. Enter the serial number, or serial numbers, for the sensor you want to connect.
4. Click **save**.
# How do I manage my profile?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/organisation-management-manage-profile
You can easily manage your FarmRoad user profile. Simply follow the below steps.
1. Go to **My Profile** page
2. Edit profile details
3. Click **Save changes**
### **Weak generative**
***(Synonyms: More generative)*** Plants spend more energy to produce generative plant parts and less on vegetative plant parts resulting in poor growth and weaker plants
### **Weak vegetative**
***(Synonyms: Vegetative)*** Plants spend relatively more energy to produce vegetative plant parts while maintaining adequate generative growth resulting in good growth. ”Weak” refers to weak vegetative growth of the plants
### **Strong generative**
***(Synonyms: Generative)*** Plants are inclined to spend relatively more energy to produce generative plant parts while maintaining adequate vegetative growth resulting in good growth and strong plants
### **Strong vegetative**
***(Synonyms: More vegetative)*** Plants spend more energy to produce vegetative plant parts and less on generative plant parts resulting in too much vegetative growth. ”Strong” refers to strong vegetative growth of the plants
3. Open the alert you want to update.
4. Under **Notification channel**, select **WhatsApp**.
5. Save your changes.
## How do I avoid duplicate notifications?
If you only want to receive alerts through WhatsApp, deselect **Text message (SMS)** as a notification channel. Otherwise, you'll receive the same alert via both SMS and WhatsApp.
Example: `http://qcil1234567.local:3333`
4. The gateway configuration page will open.
5. Enter your Wi-Fi SSID and password, then click **Connect**.
6. The text **WiFi Status: Disconnected** should change to **WiFi Status: Connected**.
7. You can now disconnect the Ethernet cable and move the gateway to any location with Wi-Fi coverage.
For the next step, see [How can I onboard a Folium device?](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/onboard-a-sensor)
## Install the Folium / FarmRoad sensor in your growing environment
Folium sensors are powered by **2 C-cell batteries**.
Before powering, installing, and setting up your Folium sensor, make sure you have:
1. A FarmRoad account
2. Connected a Folium gateway device to the internet
3. Onboarded your Folium device to the FarmRoad platform
### Install your sensors
1. Screw the antenna into each Folium sensor.
2. Insert the batteries into the battery enclosure and close the lid.
3. Note the serial number of each Folium sensor and the planned location for each one. You will need this information when setting up the devices in your FarmRoad account. See here for more information.
2. Click **Start new cycle**
3. Add a crop, recipe, start stage, units and start date.
4. Click **Save**
3. If the sensor does not light up green, replace the batteries.
4. Wait a couple of minutes, then refresh your browser and check your dashboard again.
If the sensor still does not appear, continue to the gateway checks (step 2 below).
## 2. Check the gateway
1. Check that the gateway is powered on. A solid red light and a flashing green light should be showing at the top of the gateway.
2. Make sure the Ethernet/LAN cable is connected properly. You should also see green and orange lights where the Ethernet cable connects to the gateway.
3. Check that Bluetooth is working. The blue light on the Bluetooth dongle should flash every few seconds.
4. Make sure the gateway antenna is twisted on properly.
5. Refresh your browser after a couple of minutes and check your dashboard again.
If the data still does not appear, check whether the issue is related to range (step 3 below).
## 3. Check the range between the gateway and Folium
If the sensor and gateway both appear to be working, the issue may be the distance between the gateway and the Folium sensor.
1. Bring the Folium back to where the gateway is located, ensuring there is nothing in between the Folium and the gateway that could block the signal.
2. Press the power button on the Folium sensor.
3. Wait a couple of minutes, then refresh your browser and check your dashboard again.
4. If this solves the problem, you will need to relocate your Folium to be closer to the gateway or adjust the placement to improve the signal range.
For more information, see [How to optimize your Folium-Gateway signal range](https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/folium-sensor-gateway-signal-range)
## Still not working?
If the steps above do not resolve the issue, please contact WayBeyond Support.
# How does the Gateway Offline alert work?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/understanding-gateway-offline-alerts
With Gateway offline alerts, FarmRoad can automatically notify you in the event that any of your gateways stop reporting to FarmRoad.
Gateway offline alerts work by monitoring your gateways for regular updates. When FarmRoad doesn't hear from a particular gateway for at least 60 minutes, it will send an offline alert.
2. Click **Create alert** button
3. Select **Gateway Offline**
4. You can set up your preferred notification channel(s), and the desired recipients (either by role, team, or individual).
# Using Crop Registration offline
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/using-crop-registration-offline
Crop Registration works offline, so you do not have to worry about losing critical data when your device connection is poor.
## How do I know when the app is offline?
An icon indicating there is no internet connection will appear in the top-right corner of the app header when your device is offline.
## What happens if there are record conflicts?
If two records are created for the same date, the record saved last will be uploaded to FarmRoad. The other record will be discarded.
## What happens if there are issues retrieving or uploading records?
If there are issues retrieving or uploading records, a yellow cloud icon will appear in the top-right corner of the app header.
If there is a server-side issue during upload, the app will continue retrying until the records are uploaded successfully.
In the rare case that a record upload request is invalid, the record will be discarded.
# Where can I find Crop Registration in FarmRoad web?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/where-to-find-crop-registration
Each sector and cycle you create will have access to Crop Registration. Follow the steps below to find it.
1. Navigate to the farm sector and cycle that you are recording crop registration data for.
2. Click the **Crop Registration** button in the Activity Feed view.
You will be brought to the **Crop Registration Averages** page. From there you can click on specific records to see the recorded data.
# Why has my yield prediction not generated?
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/farmroad/yield-prediction-not-generated
If you are using **Easy Yield**, there are a few common reasons why a yield prediction may not have generated.
## **Common reasons**
| **Potential reason** | **Action required** |
| :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| You have not entered all required data, including harvest data, every week of your cycle. | Please ensure you input all required data, including harvest data, every week of your cycle. |
| Easy Yield requires the last 4 weeks of harvest data. | Please check that you have input the last 4 consecutive weeks of harvest data. |
| Easy Yield only supports tomatoes. | Please ensure you are using Easy Yield with a sector configured with a tomato variety. |
| There are fewer than 2 weeks of harvest data, or it is the start of the cycle. | Please wait until at least 2 weeks into harvest, and make sure you are inputting your harvest data at least weekly. |
| Your crop cycle is less than 8 weeks old. | Please wait until your crop cycle is more than 8 weeks old and you have more than 4 weeks of harvest data. |
| No required data has been recorded for the past week. | Please ensure you are inputting all required data every week. See the required data here. |
| Partial data was recorded last week. | Please ensure you are inputting all required data every week. See the required data here |
## Still missing a yield prediction?
If you cannot find the answer here, please contact your support representative.
# GrowPilot: Evapotranspiration
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/growpilot/evapotranspiration
GrowPilot provides hourly and 7-day water demand forecasts for your crops.
## What is Evapotranspiration?
**Evapotranspiration (ETo)** (mm) is a weather-based estimate of the rate at which water leaves the soil (Evaporation) and a crop (Transpiration). It uses real-time weather data to calculate this value, including:
* Temperature
* Humidity
* Wind speed
* Solar radiation
This tells you how much water your crops are likely to need—not based on guesswork or habit, but on measurable climate demand.
ETo shows when conditions will dry soils and crops fasters, increasing the risk of water stress. It can be used to help determine irrigation timing, or combined with your crop coefficient (Kc) and variables such as rainfall to determine irrigation volumes.
## Where can I find my evapotranspiration forecasts in GrowPilot?
#### Home Dashboard
Today's ETo can be found on the Home dashboard (the bottom-left tab of the app).
Click the drop down on “Evapotranspiration (ETo)” to see more
#### Weather Forecast Dashboard
For more details on Evapotranspiration, go to the “Weather Forecast Dashboard” and scroll down. Toggle between Today, Tomorrow and Week tabs to view the ETo for each period.
# GrowPilot: Risk Alerts
Source: https://waybeyond.mintlify.app/en/growpilot/risk-alerts
Find out about the Risk Alerts tracked by GrowPilot for your farm, including explanations of the different levels of risk.
## What are the risk alerts for?
The Risk Alerts feature in GrowPilot highlights potential future climate extremes that may impact crops, growing infrastructure, and the operational activities of a farm.
## Where can I find the risk alerts?
#### Home Dashboard
A summary of the Risk Alerts can be found on the **Home** dashboard (the bottom-left tab in the app) in two places:
1. In the “Active Risk Alerts” section, click on the drop down button to see the risks.
2. In the risk alerts summary widget.
## Risk Alerts
To view more detailed information, tap either of the areas highlighted above or open the **Risk Alerts** tab (the bottom-right tab of the app).
The “Upcoming” tab shows the risks for today, tomorrow and the next 7 days.
The “Monitoring” tab shows all of the risks that are currently being monitored:
## How often are the risk alerts generated?
The system scans for risks multiple times a day and generates an alert in the GrowPilot app accordingly.
## What risk alerts are available?
### **Plant Stress**
| | |
| :----------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| What is Plant Stress? | Plant stress occurs when the demand placed on a plant by its environment exceeds its ability to cope using its normal regulatory mechanisms. In GrowPilot, plant stress is defined by having a high Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD).
VPD, is the difference (deficit) between the amount of moisture in the air and how much moisture the air can hold when it is saturated. High VPD causes plant stress because it increases evaporative demand beyond what the plant can sustain, leading to water loss, overheating, and reduced photosynthesis.
When vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is high, the air pulls water from leaves faster than roots can replace it, forcing stomata to close and reducing growth and self-cooling. This risks heat stress, wilt, and poor fruit set. |
| What is the alerting criteria? | Moderate - VPD of 1.8–2.2 kPa for more than 2 hours and the air temperature exceeds 20°C during the day
High - VPD of 2.2–2.5 kPa for more than 3 hours and the air temperature exceeds 20°C during the day
Severe - VPD exceeds 2.5kPa for more than 4 hours and the air temperature exceeds 20°C during the day |
### **High Winds**
| | |
| :----------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| What is High Winds? | High winds refers to strong, sustained air movement. High winds can cause significant damage to the plant, the fruit and growing infrastructure.
Strong winds cause physical damage (lodging, breakage) and rapidly dry out crops, increasing water stress. They also tear infrastructure like covers/netting and create dangerous spray drift. In the event of high winds, secure all structures and postpone spray applications until conditions are calm. |
| What is the alerting criteria? | Moderate - Average winds of 25-40 km/hr **OR** gusts of 50-70km/hr for more than 2 hours
Strong - Average winds of 40-60km/hr **OR** gusts of 70-90km/hr for more than 2 hours
Damaging - Average winds exceeding 60km/hr **OR** gusts exceeding 90km/hr for more than 2 hours |
### **Heavy Rainfall**
| | |
| :----------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| What is Heavy Rainfall? | Heavy rainfall refers to a high amount of precipitation over a limited timeframe. Heavy rainfall can cause damage to the plants and damage fruits.
Heavy rain saturates soil, suffocating roots and causing erosion and nutrient loss. These wet conditions spread fungal diseases and limit field access. In the event of heavy rainfall, monitor drainage in low spots and delay all fieldwork, spraying, and harvest until the ground can support machinery. |
| What is the alerting criteria? | Moderate - 20-30mm in 24 hours **OR** 30-50mm in 48 hours
Heavy- 30-50mm in 24 hours **OR** 50-80mm in 48 hours
Flooding conditions - exceeds 50mm in 24 hours **OR** exceeds 80mm in 48 hours |
### **Frost**
| | |
| :----------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| What is Frost? | Frost is a deposit of soft white ice crystals or frozen dew drops on the plant surface.
Frost can damage crops and lead to substantial losses. Some crops are more susceptible to frost than others and it is important to closely monitor weather forecasts and implement protective measure such as using frost fans or overhead irrigation to mitigate potential impacts. Please be aware that even with low frost risk, crops can still freeze at very low temperatures. |
| What is the alerting criteria? | Light – Minimum temperature \< 2 °C with either clear skies or \< 10km/h wind
Moderate - Minimum temperature 0–1 °C with clear skies & wind \<10 OR (Advection) min ≤0 °C with wind 10–25 km/h
Heavy - Minimum temperature ≤–2 °C with clear skies & wind \<10 OR (Advection) min ≤0 °C with wind ≥25 km/h |
### **Botrytis**
| | | |
| ------------------------------ | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| What is Botrytis? | Botrytis, also known as grey mould, is a fungal disease that affects many plant species, thriving in high humidity.
Botrytis can cause soft, watery rots, wilting and blight in multiple plant tissues including the fruit, flower, stem and buds. It can cause significant loss to crops and post-production fruits. Reduce relative humidity immediately, dry the crops or apply preventative fungicides. | |
| What is the alerting criteria? | Low Botrytis Risk
Medium Botrytis Risk
High Botrytis Risk |